feat(seo): 结构化数据/每页元数据/列表页metadata/hreflang修正/OG分享图

- 详情页注入 Article+BreadcrumbList JSON-LD，工具页 SoftwareApplication
- 课程/技能/文章/练习 动态 generateMetadata(canonical/OG)
- 新增 skills/contents/practices/prompts/models 列表页 metadata
- 修正 hreflang(删除不存在的/en)，用 next/og 生成 OG 分享图

docs/progress/current.md

@@ -48,6 +48,19 @@
 
 > **说明：** 后端 `orders` / `payment` 模块代码保留（取证后可复用），但前端已不再调用付费购买流程。
 
+### SEO 基础优化 — v1.2.0
+
+| 项目 | 改动 | 说明 |
+|------|------|------|
+| 结构化数据 | 详情页注入 JSON-LD | 课程/技能/文章/练习：`Article` + `BreadcrumbList`；工具：`SoftwareApplication`(含免费 Offer) |
+| 每页元数据 | 详情页 `generateMetadata` | 课程/技能/文章/练习动态生成 unique title/description + canonical + OG |
+| 列表页元数据 | 新增 `skills/contents/practices/prompts/models` 的 `layout.tsx` | 补齐各频道独立 title/description/canonical，消除与首页重复 |
+| hreflang | 修正 `layout.tsx` | 删除不存在的 `/en` 备用语言，仅保留 `zh-CN` 自引用 |
+| OG 分享图 | 新增 `app/opengraph-image.tsx` | 用 `next/og` 在构建期生成 1200x630 分享图（Latin 文案，规避 CJK 字体缺失），替换原缺失的 `/images/og-image.png` |
+| 工具页 | 增强 `SoftwareApplication` JSON-LD | 补充 publisher / offers(免费) / operatingSystem |
+
+> **已知最大盲点（待办）：** `courses/[id]`、`skills/[id]`、`contents/[id]`、`practices/[id]` 的**正文内容仍在客户端 `useEffect` 拉取**，静态 HTML 中无正文，百度等弱 JS 渲染的搜索引擎抓不到实质内容（`tools/[slug]` 已是服务端渲染，正常）。需将详情页改为「服务端取数 → 作为 `initialData` 传入客户端组件」以把正文写入静态 HTML。
+
 ---
 
 ## 待办（下一阶段）

frontend/src/app/contents/[id]/page.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,17 @@
-import { API_BASE } from '@/lib/config';
+import type { Metadata } from 'next';
+import { API_BASE, SITE_URL } from '@/lib/config';
+import { articleJsonLd, breadcrumbJsonLd, absoluteUrl } from '@/lib/seo';
+import ContentDetailClient from './client';
+
+async function getContent(id: string) {
+  try {
+    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/contents/${id}`, { next: { revalidate: 3600 } });
+    if (!res.ok) return null;
+    return res.json();
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
 
 export async function generateStaticParams() {
   try {
@@ -12,8 +25,45 @@ export async function generateStaticParams() {
   }
 }
 
-import ContentDetailClient from './client';
+export async function generateMetadata({ params }: { params: { id: string } }): Promise<Metadata> {
-
+  const content = await getContent(params.id);
-export default function ContentDetailPage() {
+  if (!content) return { title: '文章未找到' };
-  return <ContentDetailClient />;
+  const title = content.title;
+  const description = content.summary || content.content?.slice(0, 120) || `${content.title} - 宇之然 AI 文章`;
+  const url = absoluteUrl(`/contents/${content.id}`);
+  return {
+    title,
+    description,
+    alternates: { canonical: `/contents/${content.id}` },
+    openGraph: { type: 'article', title, description, url },
+  };
+}
+
+export default async function ContentDetailPage({ params }: { params: { id: string } }) {
+  const content = await getContent(params.id);
+  const url = absoluteUrl(`/contents/${params.id}`);
+  const jsonLd = content
+    ? [
+        articleJsonLd({
+          headline: content.title,
+          description: content.summary || undefined,
+          url,
+          datePublished: content.publishedAt || content.createdAt,
+        }),
+        breadcrumbJsonLd([
+          { name: '首页', url: SITE_URL },
+          { name: '文章', url: absoluteUrl('/contents') },
+          { name: content.title, url },
+        ]),
+      ]
+    : null;
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      {jsonLd && (
+        <script type="application/ld+json" dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: JSON.stringify(jsonLd) }} />
+      )}
+      <ContentDetailClient />
+    </>
+  );
 }

frontend/src/app/contents/layout.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import type { Metadata } from 'next';
+
+export const metadata: Metadata = {
+  title: 'AI 文章与教程 - 宇之然 AI',
+  description: '宇之然 AI 精选文章与实战教程，涵盖 AI 通识、提示词工程、智能体、模型百科等，帮助你系统掌握人工智能。',
+  alternates: { canonical: '/contents' },
+};
+
+export default function ContentsLayout({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
+  return children;
+}

frontend/src/app/courses/[id]/page.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,17 @@
-import { API_BASE } from '@/lib/config';
+import type { Metadata } from 'next';
+import { API_BASE, SITE_URL } from '@/lib/config';
+import { articleJsonLd, breadcrumbJsonLd, absoluteUrl } from '@/lib/seo';
+import CourseDetailClient from './client';
+
+async function getCourse(id: string) {
+  try {
+    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/courses/${id}`, { next: { revalidate: 3600 } });
+    if (!res.ok) return null;
+    return res.json();
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
 
 export async function generateStaticParams() {
   try {
@@ -12,8 +25,49 @@ export async function generateStaticParams() {
   }
 }
 
-import CourseDetailClient from './client';
+export async function generateMetadata({ params }: { params: { id: string } }): Promise<Metadata> {
-
+  const course = await getCourse(params.id);
-export default function CourseDetailPage() {
+  if (!course) return { title: '课程未找到' };
-  return <CourseDetailClient />;
+  const title = course.title;
+  const description = course.description || `${course.title} - 宇之然 AI 课程，系统学习 AI 技能`;
+  const url = absoluteUrl(`/courses/${course.id}`);
+  return {
+    title,
+    description,
+    alternates: { canonical: `/courses/${course.id}` },
+    openGraph: {
+      type: 'article',
+      title,
+      description,
+      url,
+    },
+  };
+}
+
+export default async function CourseDetailPage({ params }: { params: { id: string } }) {
+  const course = await getCourse(params.id);
+  const url = absoluteUrl(`/courses/${params.id}`);
+  const jsonLd = course
+    ? [
+        articleJsonLd({
+          headline: course.title,
+          description: course.description || undefined,
+          url,
+        }),
+        breadcrumbJsonLd([
+          { name: '首页', url: SITE_URL },
+          { name: '课程', url: absoluteUrl('/courses') },
+          { name: course.title, url },
+        ]),
+      ]
+    : null;
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      {jsonLd && (
+        <script type="application/ld+json" dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: JSON.stringify(jsonLd) }} />
+      )}
+      <CourseDetailClient />
+    </>
+  );
 }

frontend/src/app/layout.tsx

@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@ export const metadata: Metadata = {
     canonical: '/',
     languages: {
       'zh-CN': '/',
-      'en': '/en',
     },
   },
   openGraph: {
@@ -45,20 +44,11 @@ export const metadata: Metadata = {
     title: '宇之然 AI - AI 工具与知识社区',
     description: '让每个人都能用好 AI - AI 工具指南、提示词库、智能体教程、模型百科、AI 沙盒实战',
     url: SITE_URL,
-    images: [
-      {
-        url: '/images/og-image.png',
-        width: 1200,
-        height: 630,
-        alt: '宇之然 AI - AI 工具与知识社区',
-      },
-    ],
   },
   twitter: {
     card: 'summary_large_image',
     title: '宇之然 AI - AI 工具与知识社区',
     description: '让每个人都能用好 AI - AI 工具指南、提示词库、智能体教程、模型百科、AI 沙盒实战',
-    images: ['/images/og-image.png'],
   },
   verification: {
     google: 'your-google-verification-code',

frontend/src/app/models/layout.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import type { Metadata } from 'next';
+
+export const metadata: Metadata = {
+  title: 'AI 模型能力导览 - 宇之然 AI',
+  description: '探索 AI 能为你做什么，从对话写作到编程实战，按能力场景找到适合你的 AI 模型与使用方式。',
+  alternates: { canonical: '/models' },
+};
+
+export default function ModelsLayout({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
+  return children;
+}

frontend/src/app/opengraph-image.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+import { ImageResponse } from 'next/og';
+
+export const size = { width: 1200, height: 630 };
+export const contentType = 'image/png';
+
+export default function OGImage() {
+  return new ImageResponse(
+    (
+      <div
+        style={{
+          width: '100%',
+          height: '100%',
+          display: 'flex',
+          flexDirection: 'column',
+          justifyContent: 'center',
+          padding: '80px',
+          background: 'linear-gradient(135deg, #0c8ee7 0%, #6d28d9 100%)',
+          color: 'white',
+        }}
+      >
+        <div style={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', fontSize: 38, opacity: 0.92, letterSpacing: 1 }}>
+          Yuzhiran AI
+        </div>
+        <div style={{ display: 'flex', fontSize: 84, fontWeight: 800, marginTop: 28, lineHeight: 1.1 }}>
+          AI Tools & Knowledge
+        </div>
+        <div style={{ display: 'flex', fontSize: 84, fontWeight: 800, lineHeight: 1.1 }}>
+          Community
+        </div>
+        <div style={{ display: 'flex', fontSize: 34, marginTop: 30, opacity: 0.92 }}>
+          Tools, Prompts, Skills & Sandbox for everyone
+        </div>
+      </div>
+    ),
+    { ...size },
+  );
+}

frontend/src/app/practices/[id]/page.tsx

@@ -1,10 +1,57 @@
+import type { Metadata } from 'next';
+import { API_BASE, SITE_URL } from '@/lib/config';
+import { articleJsonLd, breadcrumbJsonLd, absoluteUrl } from '@/lib/seo';
 import PracticeDetailClient from './client';
 
+async function getPractice(id: string) {
+  try {
+    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/practices/${id}`, { next: { revalidate: 3600 } });
+    if (!res.ok) return null;
+    return res.json();
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
 export function generateStaticParams() {
   const ids = Array.from({ length: 20 }, (_, i) => i + 1);
-  return ids.map(id => ({ id: String(id) }));
+  return ids.map((id) => ({ id: String(id) }));
 }
 
-export default function PracticeDetailPage() {
+export async function generateMetadata({ params }: { params: { id: string } }): Promise<Metadata> {
-  return <PracticeDetailClient />;
+  const practice = await getPractice(params.id);
+  if (!practice) return { title: '练习未找到' };
+  const title = practice.title;
+  const description = practice.description || `${practice.title} - 宇之然 AI 练习，实战演练获得即时评分`;
+  const url = absoluteUrl(`/practices/${practice.id}`);
+  return {
+    title,
+    description,
+    alternates: { canonical: `/practices/${practice.id}` },
+    openGraph: { type: 'article', title, description, url },
+  };
+}
+
+export default async function PracticeDetailPage({ params }: { params: { id: string } }) {
+  const practice = await getPractice(params.id);
+  const url = absoluteUrl(`/practices/${params.id}`);
+  const jsonLd = practice
+    ? [
+        articleJsonLd({ headline: practice.title, description: practice.description || undefined, url }),
+        breadcrumbJsonLd([
+          { name: '首页', url: SITE_URL },
+          { name: '练习', url: absoluteUrl('/practices') },
+          { name: practice.title, url },
+        ]),
+      ]
+    : null;
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      {jsonLd && (
+        <script type="application/ld+json" dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: JSON.stringify(jsonLd) }} />
+      )}
+      <PracticeDetailClient />
+    </>
+  );
 }

frontend/src/app/practices/layout.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import type { Metadata } from 'next';
+
+export const metadata: Metadata = {
+  title: 'AI 实战练习 - 宇之然 AI',
+  description: '通过真实场景练习 AI 技能，提交答案获得即时评分与反馈，覆盖编程、写作、数据分析等多种场景。',
+  alternates: { canonical: '/practices' },
+};
+
+export default function PracticesLayout({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
+  return children;
+}

frontend/src/app/prompts/layout.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import type { Metadata } from 'next';
+
+export const metadata: Metadata = {
+  title: 'AI 提示词库 - 宇之然 AI',
+  description: '宇之然 AI 提示词库收录 200+ 精选提示词模板，覆盖编程、写作、办公等场景，支持一键复制到沙盒使用。',
+  alternates: { canonical: '/prompts' },
+};
+
+export default function PromptsLayout({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
+  return children;
+}

frontend/src/app/skills/[id]/page.tsx

@@ -1,10 +1,57 @@
+import type { Metadata } from 'next';
+import { API_BASE, SITE_URL } from '@/lib/config';
+import { articleJsonLd, breadcrumbJsonLd, absoluteUrl } from '@/lib/seo';
 import SkillDetailClient from './client';
 
+async function getSkill(id: string) {
+  try {
+    const res = await fetch(`${API_BASE}/skills/${id}`, { next: { revalidate: 3600 } });
+    if (!res.ok) return null;
+    return res.json();
+  } catch {
+    return null;
+  }
+}
+
 export function generateStaticParams() {
   const skillIds = ['general-chat', 'coding', 'writing', 'study', 'english', 'prompt-engineering', 'data-analysis', 'career'];
-  return skillIds.map(id => ({ id }));
+  return skillIds.map((id) => ({ id }));
 }
 
-export default function SkillDetailPage() {
+export async function generateMetadata({ params }: { params: { id: string } }): Promise<Metadata> {
-  return <SkillDetailClient />;
+  const skill = await getSkill(params.id);
+  if (!skill) return { title: '技能未找到' };
+  const title = skill.name;
+  const description = skill.description || `${skill.name} - 宇之然 AI 技能，免费学习与实践`;
+  const url = absoluteUrl(`/skills/${skill.id}`);
+  return {
+    title,
+    description,
+    alternates: { canonical: `/skills/${skill.id}` },
+    openGraph: { type: 'article', title, description, url },
+  };
+}
+
+export default async function SkillDetailPage({ params }: { params: { id: string } }) {
+  const skill = await getSkill(params.id);
+  const url = absoluteUrl(`/skills/${params.id}`);
+  const jsonLd = skill
+    ? [
+        articleJsonLd({ headline: skill.name, description: skill.description || undefined, url }),
+        breadcrumbJsonLd([
+          { name: '首页', url: SITE_URL },
+          { name: '技能库', url: absoluteUrl('/skills') },
+          { name: skill.name, url },
+        ]),
+      ]
+    : null;
+
+  return (
+    <>
+      {jsonLd && (
+        <script type="application/ld+json" dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: JSON.stringify(jsonLd) }} />
+      )}
+      <SkillDetailClient />
+    </>
+  );
 }

frontend/src/app/skills/layout.tsx

@@ -0,0 +1,11 @@
+import type { Metadata } from 'next';
+
+export const metadata: Metadata = {
+  title: 'AI 技能库 - 免费学习与实践',
+  description: '宇之然 AI 技能库收录可组合的 AI 学习技能模块，覆盖基础、技术、创意、教育等领域，免费学习并在沙盒中实战练习。',
+  alternates: { canonical: '/skills' },
+};
+
+export default function SkillsLayout({ children }: { children: React.ReactNode }) {
+  return children;
+}

frontend/src/app/tools/[slug]/page.tsx

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import { Metadata } from 'next';
 import { notFound } from 'next/navigation';
 import Link from 'next/link';
+import { SITE_URL } from '@/lib/config';
 import { Badge } from '@/components/ui/badge';
 import { Button } from '@/components/ui/button';
 import { Card } from '@/components/ui/card';
@@ -73,9 +74,17 @@ export default async function ToolDetailPage({ params }: { params: { slug: strin
     '@context': 'https://schema.org',
     '@type': 'SoftwareApplication',
     name: tool.name,
-    description: tool.description,
+    description: tool.description || '',
     url: tool.url,
-    applicationCategory: 'AI工具',
+    applicationCategory: 'UtilitiesApplication',
+    operatingSystem: 'Web',
+    offers: { '@type': 'Offer', price: '0', priceCurrency: 'CNY' },
+    publisher: {
+      '@type': 'Organization',
+      name: '宇之然 AI',
+      url: SITE_URL,
+      logo: { '@type': 'ImageObject', url: `${SITE_URL}/favicon.png` },
+    },
   };
 
   // 解析描述中的结构化字段

frontend/src/lib/seo.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,59 @@
+import { SITE_URL } from './config';
+
+export function absoluteUrl(path: string): string {
+  if (/^https?:\/\//.test(path)) return path;
+  return `${SITE_URL}${path.startsWith('/') ? '' : '/'}${path}`;
+}
+
+export function articleJsonLd(data: {
+  headline: string;
+  description?: string;
+  url: string;
+  datePublished?: string;
+  image?: string;
+  authorName?: string;
+}) {
+  return {
+    '@context': 'https://schema.org',
+    '@type': 'Article',
+    headline: data.headline,
+    description: data.description || '',
+    url: data.url,
+    ...(data.datePublished ? { datePublished: data.datePublished } : {}),
+    author: { '@type': 'Organization', name: data.authorName || '宇之然 AI', url: SITE_URL },
+    publisher: {
+      '@type': 'Organization',
+      name: '宇之然 AI',
+      url: SITE_URL,
+      logo: { '@type': 'ImageObject', url: `${SITE_URL}/favicon.png` },
+    },
+    ...(data.image ? { image: data.image } : {}),
+  };
+}
+
+export function softwareAppJsonLd(data: { name: string; description?: string; url: string }) {
+  return {
+    '@context': 'https://schema.org',
+    '@type': 'SoftwareApplication',
+    name: data.name,
+    description: data.description || '',
+    url: data.url,
+    applicationCategory: 'UtilitiesApplication',
+    operatingSystem: 'Web',
+    offers: { '@type': 'Offer', price: '0', priceCurrency: 'CNY' },
+    publisher: { '@type': 'Organization', name: '宇之然 AI', url: SITE_URL },
+  };
+}
+
+export function breadcrumbJsonLd(items: { name: string; url: string }[]) {
+  return {
+    '@context': 'https://schema.org',
+    '@type': 'BreadcrumbList',
+    itemListElement: items.map((it, i) => ({
+      '@type': 'ListItem',
+      position: i + 1,
+      name: it.name,
+      item: it.url,
+    })),
+  };
+}